The ongoing debate surrounding the impact of class size on student success has been a topic of discussion for decades. While some individuals argue that class size has little to no effect on the quality of education, research has consistently shown otherwise. Understanding the connection between class size and student achievement, as well as teacher retention, is crucial for the improvement of our educational system.
Research into the impact of class size on student achievement has been ongoing for years. According to an article in the Seattle Times, the effects of class size “have been hard to isolate and measure,” leading to disagreements over the results. The article suggests that the disagreement may stem from the benefits of smaller class sizes outweighing the costs, rather than a lack of effectiveness. In fact, The National Center for Education Statistics noted that after the 2008 recession, the pupil-teacher ratio increased.
Despite some disagreement over the cost-effectiveness of pursuing the benefits of small class sizes, most researchers agree that smaller class sizes do have a positive impact, particularly on students in younger grades.
One of the most notable studies supporting the benefits of small class sizes was the Tennessee Student Teacher Achievement Ratio (STAR) project in the 1980s. The STAR project randomly assigned students to either small classes (13 to 17 students per teacher) or large classes (22 to 25 students per teacher). The study found a clear advantage for students in smaller classes in terms of achievement, particularly in the kindergarten years.
In 2011, the Brookings Institution reviewed the STAR project and confirmed its findings, indicating that a 32% reduction in class size led to increased student achievement. This increase in achievement provided students with an advantage equivalent to an additional three months of education after four years.
Twenty years after the completion of the STAR project, the National Education Association (NEA) published a policy brief on class size. The NEA examined the research on STAR students and focused on the long-term results from follow-up studies. Some of the long-term benefits experienced by students who were in smaller classes included higher achievement levels in various subjects, increased positivity towards learning, and improved graduation rates from high school.
The outcomes of these studies underscore the many advantages of smaller class sizes. Let’s delve into some of these benefits in more detail.
### Better Teacher/Student Relationships
In smaller class sizes, students have the opportunity to develop stronger relationships with their teachers. Individual attention can make a significant difference in a student’s academic development. Tyrone Howard, a professor of education, emphasizes the importance of these relationships, stating that schools often prioritize academics over the crucial aspect of building connections with students. Strong relationships between students and teachers can lead to better learning outcomes for all involved.
### More Customized Instruction
Smaller class sizes allow teachers to provide more personalized instruction to students. This individualized approach helps educators identify and address specific learning needs more effectively. Matthew Lynch, a professor of education, points out that small class sizes enable teachers to offer tailored instruction, ultimately leading to improved academic achievement. With more time to spend with each student, teachers can adapt their teaching methods to meet the unique needs of individual learners.
### Collaborative Classrooms
In smaller classes, students are more likely to interact with a diverse group of peers, fostering collaboration and mutual support. Unlike larger classes where cliques can form, smaller class sizes promote a cohesive learning environment where students engage with one another. This collaborative atmosphere encourages active participation and enhances the overall learning experience for students. When students feel comfortable interacting with their peers and teachers, they are more likely to engage in discussions and ask questions, leading to a deeper understanding of the material.
### In-Depth Exploration of Topics
Smaller class sizes allow teachers to dedicate more time to instruction and less time to discipline and administrative tasks. With fewer students to manage, educators can delve into topics in greater depth and cater to students’ interests. The National Council of Teachers of English highlights that students in smaller classes are more engaged with the material, resulting in less time spent off-task. When teachers have the opportunity to engage with each student individually, they can provide a comprehensive education that addresses a wide range of topics and interests.
### Teacher Retention
Smaller class sizes contribute to a more manageable learning environment for teachers, leading to increased job satisfaction and retention. Teachers who can provide quality instruction in smaller classes are more likely to stay in the profession. Research has shown that class size is a significant factor in teacher attrition, with many educators citing large class sizes as a reason for leaving their jobs. By reducing teacher turnover, smaller class sizes help maintain experienced and dedicated instructors in the education system.
As we strive to improve student success and enhance the quality of education, the benefits of smaller class sizes cannot be overlooked. By prioritizing smaller class sizes, we can cultivate stronger teacher-student relationships, provide personalized instruction, foster collaborative learning environments, explore topics in-depth, and retain talented educators. These efforts will ultimately lead to improved academic achievement and a more fulfilling educational experience for students and teachers alike.