Bullying among Asian American and Pacific Islander students in California continues to be a significant issue, affecting nearly 1 in 5 ninth and 11th graders, slightly higher than the statewide average for all students. However, the problem is not fully understood as these students are often grouped together, masking the specific vulnerabilities of different ethnic subgroups within this larger category.
Recent analysis of bullying data from the California Healthy Kids Survey between 2015 and 2021 revealed troubling trends among various Asian American and Pacific Islander subgroups. For instance, almost 1 in 3 Cambodian students reported being bullied based on their identity, which is 1.5 times higher than the overall rate for Asian American and Pacific Islander students. Similar high rates were also observed among Hmong, Native Hawaiian, and Laotian youth. If these groups are combined, these disparities would be overlooked.
Furthermore, while bullying rates initially decreased between 2019 and 2020, they rebounded in 2021, surpassing pre-pandemic levels. This resurgence is particularly concerning as it could compound the educational challenges brought about by the pandemic. Research indicates that bullying can negatively impact academic performance, increase absences, and harm mental health.
On a positive note, the data showed that having supportive adults and strong school connections correlated with lower rates of bullying. Some school districts have implemented resources specifically tailored to Asian American and Pacific Islander students and their families. For example, the San Francisco Unified School District offers an Asian American and Pacific Islander Resource Guide that addresses anti-Asian racism and provides educational materials celebrating the contributions of these communities.
To address bullying effectively, schools should first focus on understanding the unique challenges faced by groups such as Hmong, Laotian, Cambodian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander students. Tailored anti-bullying resources, culturally and linguistically appropriate, should be made available to support these students and their families. Additionally, creating inclusive and welcoming environments that foster strong connections between students and supportive adults is crucial for preventing bullying.
Rather than introducing entirely new programs, schools can enhance existing initiatives like Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports to improve teacher-student relationships and promote social and emotional well-being. Evaluating the effectiveness of these programs and intentionally building positive connections with Asian American and Pacific Islander students can help create a more inclusive school environment where bullying is not tolerated.
By recognizing the diversity and humanity of Asian American and Pacific Islander youth, schools can work towards dismantling stereotypes and addressing the root causes of bullying within these communities. Deepening meaningful connections and understanding subgroup data are essential steps in ensuring the well-being of all students across the state.